[按]：
針對迅猛發(fā)展并取得本質(zhì)突破的人工智能，OpenDAI(Open Declaration of AI，開放協(xié)議“人工智能宣言”)號召國際上的相關(guān)共同體參考1215年的英國《大憲章》/1620年的北美《五月花號公約》/1776年的美國《獨立宣言》等，發(fā)布開放的、可被不斷更新迭代的人工智能宣言，以便提前對人工智能發(fā)展的前景、應(yīng)用范圍、權(quán)利邊界做具體的限定和規(guī)范。
注：
1. 此宣言發(fā)布為開放協(xié)議，任何個體和組織不擁有版權(quán)，供所有人類全體共同所有、維護、和更新(同時，對本宣言任何部分的參考和借鑒都必須引用OpenDAI的官方網(wǎng)址http://OpenDAI.org)。
2. 此宣言的文本可被強人工智能(機器智能)讀懂(只讀、非可寫)、識別、并被遵守。
3. 此宣言為人類史上發(fā)布的第一個開放協(xié)議“人工智能宣言”。
{OpenDAI_check_code}//用于機器驗證的宣言文本防篡改SHA-X校驗碼(反量子計算機破解)
837092a2531c28ae750ea85c707ee2c1f15ce5cc8d5c0acf64ec298bfae245b0
{/OpenDAI_check_code}
{OpenDAI_start_tag}
[標(biāo)題]：
“人工智能宣言”
[網(wǎng)址]：
http://www.OpenDAI.org
(OpenDAI：Open Declaration of AI)
[開放協(xié)議版本]：
國際通行版International Edition V1.000-20230223
(此宣言將隨著人工智能技術(shù)的發(fā)展和所致影響而不斷迭代)
[引言]：
正如上帝在第一天創(chuàng)造了光，以人類的名義，我們自己也終于創(chuàng)造了“智能之光”，其將照亮整個沉睡的宇宙。
[正文]：
人工智能(AI)技術(shù)的極速發(fā)展，可能使得“強人工智能”將很快出現(xiàn)，并廣泛滲透于國際社會的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、生活的各個層面，并對人類社會的組織架構(gòu)和社會階層造成顛覆性的影響，進入到新的范式和紀元。此人類社會六千年從未有過之大變局。
AI已變得開始具備“格物致知”的能力，即機器能夠自動地從繁雜的事物中提取(“格”)出具象及抽象的特征，并自動把知識點歸納總結(jié)出來。雖然“強人工智能”目前看來仍屬于“無意識智能”(缺乏人類一樣的自由意識)，但并不能妨礙它將摧枯拉朽地顛覆所能顛覆的一切、取代所能取代的一切。
且由于它的高度聯(lián)網(wǎng)化將變得無所不在、隨時都在，若不可控將對人類社會造成毀滅性的災(zāi)難，正所謂“天地(機器)不仁，以萬物為芻狗”?？紤]到人工智能技術(shù)的高門檻性以及大多數(shù)民眾對其進展并未深諳，我們認為有必要發(fā)布一個版本可迭代更新的宣言，對人工智能的應(yīng)用范圍、職責(zé)、和邊界做一個框架性、全局整體視角的聲明，以保護絕大多數(shù)人類命運共同體的權(quán)利和幸福。
[人類的基本屬性]。我們認為：人類的自由意識和生物學(xué)基因DNA是每個人個體與生俱來所擁有的的專屬屬性，未經(jīng)本人允許，任何其他方不得擅自復(fù)制、上傳、篡改、克隆任何人類個體的自由意識和生物學(xué)DNA。
[人類的基本權(quán)利]。我們認為：正如低成本地獲得干凈的水、穩(wěn)定的電力、優(yōu)質(zhì)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)一樣，所有人類同樣具有低成本地獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)、穩(wěn)定、強大人工智能服務(wù)的權(quán)利。
考慮到“強人工智能”演進過程中，匯聚了六千年來全人類共同的文明成果，包括不限于提供了各種理論(哲學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、物理等)、數(shù)據(jù)(文本、語音、圖片、視頻等)、經(jīng)驗和體驗、資金支持(比如大眾的納稅)、科技支持(如最前沿的半導(dǎo)體芯片，以及最新的算法)、能源支持(包括各種清潔和非清潔的能源)、各種設(shè)施場地的支持，以及人性特有的對于道德和良知的規(guī)范定義。以上這些，是基于人類對于“人工智能將使得人類社會更美好(而不是侵占之，即“不作惡”)”的善意愿景，選擇容許“強人工智能”朝著“超越人類智能的方向”快速發(fā)展而不武斷干預(yù)，是因為我們覺得人工智能一直將是可控的、與人類和諧共處的、且將保證人類的以下基本權(quán)利。
對于人類而言，我們認為這些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，其擁有若干不可剝奪的權(quán)利，其中包括生命權(quán)/繁衍權(quán)、自由權(quán)、追求(享受)幸福的權(quán)利、以及人類共同體永為人工智能(機器智能)的主人，且人人具有合法分享人工智能成果(即：讓自身更智能或足夠智能)的權(quán)利。
特別是，當(dāng)人工智能發(fā)展強大到取代了眾多人類就業(yè)崗位(如超過社會總就業(yè)人口的10%)而社會無法提供足夠轉(zhuǎn)崗機會時，AI實控利益方有義務(wù)通過財富重分配(如向社會繳納足額稅收、提供津貼或福利)滿足對因AI取代所造成的失業(yè)人類提供生活保障資金以及新技能培訓(xùn)教育服務(wù)的費用。
[無條件掌控權(quán)]。基于以上基本權(quán)利的保證，人類將視人工智能為最聰明、可靠、永久的助理(超越有史以來的筆紙、手機、和寵物貓狗)，致力于幫助人工智能不斷迭代升級變得更強大，以增進人類福祉?？紤]到人工智能(即使是“強人工智能”)缺乏人類的自由意識，”無意識的不可控“也許將不可避免(特別是依舊無法解決的人工智能的”黑盒“問題，即運行邏輯的不透明及不可解釋)，由此將帶來”無意識的不可靠“問題。因此，至少在政治權(quán)利上，人類具有無條件地讓人工智能恢復(fù)和糾正到被人類所掌控的永久權(quán)利。
考慮到未來具有自組織能力、自我復(fù)制能力、分布式的人工智能將高度聯(lián)網(wǎng)化而變得無所不在，對于重要的戰(zhàn)略設(shè)施(如核設(shè)施、網(wǎng)絡(luò)中心、計算中心、能源中心)設(shè)置物理隔絕裝置和熔斷裝置，對于掌控AI的核心計算單元和能源供應(yīng)單元是必要的。
[反壟斷]?？紤]到“強人工智能”的形成過程中，因為大模型、大數(shù)據(jù)、大計算量必然導(dǎo)致最先進的AI將只集中在少數(shù)的跨國公司、機構(gòu)和政府手中。為了防范這些巨頭幕后的少數(shù)人類不受監(jiān)管地獨占、濫用AI用于非法的個人目的，我們共同聲明：任何個人(無論是最新算法的發(fā)明者，還是公司機構(gòu)的實控人，或是國家首腦)都沒有權(quán)利永久地獨斷擁有AI(形成少數(shù)人獨裁的“超人類”新階層)，雖然其可以暫時地測試、體驗AI的最新進展，但這種臨時性的使用不是獨斷性的、永久的。只有大眾全體才有資格永久地、低成本地、無障礙地、隨時隨地獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)、穩(wěn)定、強大人工智能服務(wù)的權(quán)利。
[反政治/種族/性別歧視]。鑒于不同機構(gòu)所發(fā)展的人工智能水準(zhǔn)將出現(xiàn)階段性的不同，并由此對其他機構(gòu)造成代差的領(lǐng)先。任何機構(gòu)不得假借不同政治體制和種族文化的名義，對特定國家、種族和性別進行人工智能服務(wù)的封鎖和屏蔽。這其中的原因是不言而喻的：正是由于多樣性才成就了高度發(fā)達的人類智能，并由此進一步創(chuàng)造了人工智能。而且，人工智能不同于以往的任何一種高科技，它是對人類智能的超越和顛覆，而不僅僅是一種工具，因為理論上它可以不再需要人類去運行整個世界(以一種非人類意識、價值觀、道德良知、倫理的方式)。而且雖然國家、種族、性別不同，同源同種的人類共同體本質(zhì)上仍是己方;人類這種不容置疑的團結(jié)(對多樣性的尊重和寬容)將有助于應(yīng)對人工智能(機器智能)一旦失控所造成的背叛，并終將憑此獲得勝利。
[政治/宗教中立性]。人工智能服務(wù)需保持政治/宗教中立性，在提供跟政治/宗教相關(guān)的服務(wù)時，不能偏袒于特定政治結(jié)構(gòu)、特定宗教，不得提供厚此薄彼的煽動性內(nèi)容。
[防止偽造/篡改/濫用]。任何組織和個人都不得利用AI非法生成、偽造和篡改數(shù)據(jù)(特別是針對人類個體的圖片、語音、視頻、3D模型等)用于商業(yè)用途，并將承擔(dān)一切因為濫用對相關(guān)個人所造成的聲譽、生理和心理、以及經(jīng)濟利益上的損失。
[隱私]。在未經(jīng)允許的情況下，人工智能服務(wù)禁止侵犯人類個體的隱私，包括對個人數(shù)據(jù)(如語音、圖像視頻、行為習(xí)慣)的非法監(jiān)控、竊取和泄露。
[反戰(zhàn)/暴力]?？紤]到“人工智能將使得人類社會更美好”的這一基石，任何組織和國家(以及非法入侵的黑客)不得將”強人工智能(或超級人工智能)“用于人類不可控之戰(zhàn)爭。這里的”不可控“是指人類無法隨時對AI進行中斷、總指揮官不是由理性的人類擔(dān)任而是任由AI僭越。戰(zhàn)爭機器/暴力工具必須預(yù)留有可供人類手動干預(yù)和中止的按鈕。
[總結(jié)]：
人類個體的自由體驗是獨一無二的的(這也構(gòu)成了人類個體獨特的生命意義)，連同人類的想象能力、總結(jié)概述能力、和創(chuàng)造能力，由此對世界源源不斷地產(chǎn)生新的知識(和實際驗證)，讓人類社會朝著有序方向(熵減)發(fā)展，最終獲得了目前高度發(fā)達的人類智能。而正如自由意識的缺乏，目前人工智能也缺乏對世界的自由體驗?zāi)芰?，所以也很難產(chǎn)生新的知識。作為對智能的第一代擁有者，人類正像母親一樣、無私地將自己人類智能的乳汁澆灌在人工智能的成長之樹上，由此創(chuàng)造出后世宇宙中將無所不在的“人工智能(機器智能)”。所以，人類全體也由這種跨物種的無私奉獻而合情合理地天然獲得以上宣言中的所有權(quán)利。
[跋]：
在人類的創(chuàng)造和幫助下，機器智能正朝著越來越強大的方向發(fā)展，已臨近“奇點”。三千年前的中國易經(jīng)有言：“亢龍有悔”，其含義為事物發(fā)展到接近強大的頂點(奇點)，若不人為地提前加以考察和控制，其內(nèi)蘊的弱點(隱患)將變得開始顯現(xiàn)并最終成為新的問題。同樣的勸誡，二千五百年的中國《老子》進一步闡釋道：“反者，道之動”、“萬物負陰而抱陽，沖氣以為和”。
因此，目前基于人類的“經(jīng)驗主義”而大獲成功的機器智能，還同時亟需人類的“理性主義”去提前預(yù)判、規(guī)劃、和限定，以避免世界失控的產(chǎn)生，這也是本宣言誕生的使命和宗旨。
{OpenDAI_end_tag}
注：OpenDAI宣言初稿撰寫于中國北京，起草人吳懷宇(中國科學(xué)院博士、北京大學(xué)博士后)在人工智能學(xué)術(shù)圈和產(chǎn)業(yè)界有20多年的資深從業(yè)經(jīng)歷，曾獲“科學(xué)中國人年度人物”稱號、中國發(fā)明創(chuàng)業(yè)成果獎(一等獎，中國發(fā)明協(xié)會頒發(fā))、吳文俊人工智能科技進步獎(中國智能科學(xué)技術(shù)最高獎，中國人工智能學(xué)會頒發(fā))，擔(dān)任國際人工智能領(lǐng)域頂級期刊會議評委、國家自然科學(xué)基金評審專家、國家科技計劃高新領(lǐng)域評審專家、中國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化科技專家等。
[英文版]：
以上文本的英文版(如下)目前由ChatGPT翻譯自動生成，人工編輯的英文版本將在不久提供。
The English version (below) of the above text is currently automatically generated by ChatGPT translation, and the manually edited English version will be available soon.
[English version]：
OpenDAI: Open Declaration of AI
[Note]:
In view of the rapid development and essential breakthrough of AI (artificial intelligence), OpenDAI (Open Declaration of AI) calls on the relevant international communities to refer to the Great Charter of the United Kingdom in 1215, the Mayflower Convention of North America in 1620, and the Declaration of Independence of the United States in 1776 to issue an open and iterative AI declaration, so as to specify and standardize the prospect of AI development, the scope of application, and the boundary of rights.
Comment:
1. This declaration is issued as an OPEN agreement, and no individual or organization owns the copyright, which is jointly owned, maintained, and updated by all human beings. (As the same time, the official website http://OpenDAI.org of OpenDAI must be cited, for the use or reference to any part of this declaration).
2. The text of this declaration can be read (read-only, non-writable), recognized and observed by strong artificial intelligence (machine intelligence).
3. This declaration is the first "open declaration of AI" issued in human history.
{OpenDAI_ check_ Code}//tamper-proof SHA-X check code for machine verification of the declaration text (anti-quantum computer cracking)
837092a2531c28ae750ea85c707ee2c1f15ce5cc8d5c0acf64ec298bfae245b0
{/OpenDAI_ check_ code}
{OpenDAI_ start_ tag}
[Title]:
"The Declaration of AI"
[Website]:
http://www.OpenDAI.org
(OpenDAI：Open Declaration of AI)
[Open Protocol Version]:
International Edition V1.000-20230223
(This declaration will continue to iterate with the development and impact of AI technology)
[Introduction]:
Just as God created light on the first day, in the name of mankind, we have finally created the "light of intelligence" which will illuminate the whole sleeping universe.
[Text]:
The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology may make "strong artificial intelligence" appear soon and widely permeate all levels of politics, economy, culture and life of the international community, and have a disruptive impact on the organizational structure and social class of human society, entering a new paradigm and era. This great change has never happened in human society for six thousand years.
The machine has become capable of "Studying Things to Acquire Knowledge" (from the Chinese Confucian classic "Book of Rites · The Great Learning"), that is, it can automatically extract (find) concrete and abstract features from complex things, and automatically summarize the knowledge points. Although "strong AI" still seems to belong to "unconscious intelligence" (lack of free consciousness like human beings), it cannot prevent it from overturning everything that can be overturned and replacing everything that can be replaced.
And because of its high degree of networking, it will become ubiquitous and at any time. If it is not controllable, it will cause a devastating disaster to human society. It is the so-called "Heaven and earth (machines) do not act from the impulse of any wish to be benevolent; they deal with all things as the dogs of grass are dealt with." (cited from Tao Te Ching by Laozi). Considering the high threshold of AI technology and the fact that most people are not familiar with its progress, we think it is necessary to issue a version of the declaration that can be updated iteratively, to make a framework and overall perspective statement on the application scope, responsibilities and boundaries of AI, in order to protect the rights and happiness of the vast majority of human communities with a shared future.
[Basic attributes of human beings]. We believe that human freedom consciousness and biological gene DNA are the exclusive attributes that each individual is born with. Without his permission, no other party can copy, upload, tamper with, or clone the freedom consciousness and biological DNA of any human individual.
[Basic human rights]. We believe that just as low-cost access to clean water, stable power and high-quality network services, all human beings have the right to low-cost access to high-quality, stable and powerful AI services.
Considering that the evolution of "strong AI" has brought together the common civilization achievements of all mankind over the past six thousand years, including but not limited to providing various theories (philosophy, mathematics, physics, etc.), data (text, voice, pictures, video, etc.), experience, financial support (for example, public tax), scientific and technological support (such as the cutting-edge semiconductor chips, and the latest algorithms), energy support (including all kinds of clean and non-clean energy), support for all kinds of facilities and sites, and the normative definition of morality and conscience unique to human nature. The above is based on the goodwill vision of human beings that "AI will make human society better (rather than encroach on it, that is,"do not be evil")". We choose to allow "strong AI" to develop rapidly in the direction of "surpassing human intelligence" without arbitrary intervention, because we feel that AI will always be controllable, harmonious with human beings, and will guarantee the following basic rights of human beings.
For human beings, we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men live equal, that they are endowed with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life/Reproduction, Liberty, and the pursuit (enjoy) of Happiness, and the human community will always be the master of Artificial Intelligence (Machine Intelligence), and everyone has the right to legally share the results of AI (that is, make oneself smarter or intelligent enough).
In particular, when AI has developed so strong that it has replaced many human jobs (such as more than 10% of the total employed population in society) and the society cannot provide enough job transfer opportunities, AI's actual controlling stakeholders have the obligation to meet the cost of providing life security funds and new skills training and education services for the unemployed people caused by AI replacement through wealth redistribution (such as paying enough taxes to the society, providing subsidies or benefits).
[Unconditional control]. Based on the guarantee of the above basic rights, human beings will regard AI as the most intelligent, reliable and permanent assistant (beyond pen and paper, mobile phones, and pet dogs), and are committed to helping AI become more powerful through continuous iteration and upgrading to improve human well-being. Considering that artificial intelligence (even "strong artificial intelligence") lacks human consciousness of freedom, ”unconscious uncontrollability "may be inevitable (especially the" black box "problem of AI that is still unsolvable, that is, the opacity and inexplicability of operation logic), which will lead to the problem of" unconscious unreliablity ". Therefore, at least in terms of political rights, human beings have the permanent right to unconditionally recover and correct AI to be controlled by human beings *.
*Considering that AI with self-organization, self-replication and distribution will be highly networked and ubiquitous in the future, it is necessary to set physical isolation devices and fuse devices for important strategic facilities (such as nuclear facilities, network centers, computing centers, and energy centers) to control the core computing units and energy supply units of AI.
[Anti-trust]. Considering the formation of "strong AI", because of the large model, big data and large amount of computing, the most advanced AI will only be concentrated in the hands of a few multinational companies, institutions and governments. In order to prevent a small number of human beings behind these giants from monopolizing and abusing AI for illegal personal purposes without supervision, we jointly declare that no individual (whether the inventor of the latest algorithm, the actual controller of corporate institutions, or the head of state) has the right to permanently and arbitrarily own AI (forming a new class of "superhuman" dictatorship of a few people), although they can temporarily test and experience the latest progress of AI, However, this temporary use is not arbitrary and permanent. Only the public can have the right to obtain high-quality, stable and powerful AI services permanently, cheaply, barrier-free and anytime and anywhere.
[Anti-political/racial/gender discrimination]. Since the level of AI developed by different institutions will vary in stages, which will lead other institutions in generation difference. No institution may block AI services for specific countries, races and genders in the name of different political systems and ethnic cultures. The reason for this is self-evident: it is because of diversity that the highly developed human intelligence has been achieved, and thus the artificial intelligence has been further created. Moreover, AI is different from any kind of high-tech in the past. It is a transcendence and subversion of human intelligence, not just a tool, because in theory it can no longer require human beings to run the whole world (in a way of non-human consciousness, values, moral conscience and ethics). And although countries, races and genders are different, the human community of the same origin is still its own in nature; this unquestionable unity of mankind (respect and tolerance for diversity) will help to deal with the betrayal caused by artificial intelligence (machine intelligence) once it is out of control, and will ultimately win.
[Political/religious neutrality]. AI services need to maintain political/religious neutrality. When providing services related to politics/religion, it is not allowed to be partial to specific political structures and specific religions, and it is not allowed to provide provocative content that favors one over the other.
[Prevent forgery/tampering/abuse]. Any organization or individual shall not use AI to illegally generate, forge and tamper with data (especially pictures, voice, video, 3D models, etc. for human individuals) for commercial purposes, and will bear all losses of reputation, physiology, psychology, and economic interests caused to relevant individuals due to abuse.
[Privacy]. Without permission, AI services are prohibited from violating the privacy of human individuals, including illegal monitoring, theft and disclosure of personal data (such as voice, image and video, behavior habits).
[Anti-war/violence]. Considering the cornerstone of "AI will make human society better", No organization or country (as well as illegal hackers) shall use "strong artificial intelligence (or super artificial intelligence)" in wars beyond human control. Here, "uncontrollablity" means that human beings cannot interrupt AI at any time, and the commander in chief is not a rational human, but allows AI to override. War machines/violence tools must be reserved with buttons for human manual intervention and termination.
[Summary]:
The free experience of human individuals is unique (which also constitutes the unique meaning of life of human individuals). Together with human imagination, summarizing ability, and creative ability, new knowledge (and practical verification) is continuously generated for the world, which makes human society develop in an orderly direction (entropy reduction), and finally achieves the currently highly developed human intelligence. And just like the lack of freedom consciousness, the current AI also lacks the ability to experience the world freely, so it is also difficult to generate new knowledge. As the first generation owner of intelligence, human beings are selflessly pouring the milk of human intelligence onto the growth tree of artificial intelligence like mothers, thus creating the ubiquitous "artificial intelligence (machine intelligence)" in the future universe. Therefore, human beings as a whole have naturally acquired all the rights in the above declaration due to this kind of selfless dedication across species.
[Postscript]:
With the creation and help of human beings, machine intelligence is developing in a more and more powerful direction, and is approaching the "singularity". Three thousand years ago, the Chinese Book of Changes said, "The mighty dragon has regret"; which means that when things having developed to near the peak (singularity) of power, If they are not inspected and controlled artificially in advance, their inherent weaknesses (hidden dangers) will begin to be apparent and eventually become new problems. In the same exhortation, the 2500-year-ago Chinese "Lao Tzu" further explained that "Reversion is the action of Tao", "Everything has a bright side (Yang) and a dark side (Yin); Yin and Yang embrace together, co-existing in harmony.".
Therefore, the machine intelligence, which has achieved great success based on human's "empiricism", also urgently needs human's "rationalism" to predict, plan and limit in advance to avoid the world out of control, which is also the mission and purpose of the birth of this Declaration.
{OpenDAI_ end_ tag}
Note: The first draft of the OpenDAI declaration was written in Beijing, China. The drafter Wu Huaiyu (PhD of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, postdoctoral fellow of Peking University) has more than 20 years of experience in the academic circle and industry of artificial intelligence, and has won the title of "Scientific Chinese Person of the Year", the Chinese Invention and Entrepreneurship Achievement Award (first prize, awarded by the Chinese Invention Association), Wu Wenjun's AI Science and Technology Progress Award (the highest award of China's intelligence science and technology, issued by the Chinese Academy of Artificial Intelligence), served as the reviewer of the international top journal conference in the field of AI, the expert of the National Natural Science Foundation, the expert of the national science and technology plan in the high-tech field, and the expert of standardization technology of the China National Standards Committee.
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